The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) is taking further steps to combat the spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 in dairy cattle by launching a national milk testing program.
The National Milk Testing Strategy (NMTS) requires raw milk samples from across the country to be collected and tested for HPAI. This initiative builds on previous measures implemented since the virus was first detected in dairy cows in March 2024.
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“This testing strategy is a critical part of our ongoing efforts to protect the health and safety of individuals and communities nationwide,” said HHS Secretary Xavier Becerra. “Our primary responsibility at HHS is to protect public health and the safety of the food supply, and we continue to work closely with USDA and all stakeholders on continued testing for H5N1 in retail milk and dairy samples from across the country to ensure the safety of the commercial pasteurized milk supply. We will continue this work with USDA for as long and as far as necessary.”
The program aims to achieve several key goals:
- Enhanced Surveillance: Identify affected herds and track the virus’s spread more effectively.
- Rapid Response: Implement biosecurity measures and control movement of animals to limit transmission.
- Worker Protection: Inform efforts to protect farmworkers from potential exposure to the virus.
The USDA has issued a new Federal Order mandating the sharing of raw milk samples and epidemiological information. Private labs and state veterinarians are also required to report positive test results.
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The NMTS will involve a phased approach, with states categorized into five stages based on the prevalence of HPAI H5N1 in their dairy herds. Initial testing will focus on milk silos at dairy processing facilities, followed by bulk tank sampling at individual farms.
This comprehensive testing strategy aims to provide a clearer picture of the virus’s spread and facilitate coordinated efforts to control and eradicate HPAI in the U.S. dairy population.
The USDA is collaborating with state and industry partners to implement the NMTS effectively and ensure the safety of the nation’s milk supply.
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